In a groundbreaking achievement, researchers at the University of Texas have successfully modified a naturally occurring antibiotic, Protegrin-1, found in pigs, to create a safe and effective version for human use. This innovative approach, leveraging artificial intelligence (AI), holds immense potential in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
Protegrin-1, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide, effectively kills bacteria but was previously deemed too toxic for human use due to its harmful effects on healthy cells. To address this, the research team employed a large language model (LLM) to re-engineer Protegrin-1, generating over 7,000 variations through deep mutational SLAY analysis.
The AI-guided approach led to the creation of bacterially selective Protegrin-1.2 (bsPG-1.2), which demonstrated:
- Reduced toxicity
- Retention of antibacterial properties
- Selective targeting of bacterial membranes
- Avoidance of harm to human red blood cells
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is a leading cause of death globally and in India, with:
- 1.27 million direct deaths worldwide in 2019
- 4.95 million associated deaths worldwide in 2019
- 297,000 AMR-attributable deaths in India in 2019
- 1,042,500 deaths associated with AMR in India in 2019
The World Health Organization (WHO) highlights the urgent need for new antibiotics, as:
- Only 2 out of 13 recently approved antibiotics represent innovative chemical classes
- Scientific and technical challenges hinder development of effective and safe antibacterial therapies.
India faces significant AMR concerns, with:
- Over 50% of prescribed antibiotics potentially contributing to high AMR
- Irresponsible antibiotic use threatening their effectiveness
Experts emphasize responsible antibiotic use to prevent curtailing their useful life due to AMR. The recent breakthrough in AI-assisted antibiotic development offers promise, but responsible use is crucial to combat AMR.
(Input from various sources)
(Rehash/Vaishnavi Dalvi/MSM)