A 37-year-old Hong Kong man is fighting for his life after coming into contact with wild monkeys at Kam Shan Country Park, which resulted in a rare and deadly infection known as the B virus. The individual, who had previously been in good health, was rushed to the hospital with a fever and reduced consciousness after being attacked by wild macaque monkeys in late February. As of April 3, he remained in serious condition in the ICU.
B virus, commonly known as herpes B virus or herpesvirus simiae, mostly affects macaque monkeys, often without symptoms. However, when transmitted to humans by bites, scratches, or contact with bodily fluids, it can cause serious disease and even death. The infection spreads quickly, with initial symptoms similar to those of the flu, but it may lead to brain and spinal cord inflammation, causing nerve and brain damage.
Although there have only been 50 recorded cases of B virus infections in humans since the virus's discovery in 1932, the mortality rate is high, with about 70% of untreated cases resulting in death. Health officials underline how crucial it is to stay away from wild monkeys and to get medical help right away if someone is bitten or scratched. Although macaques can be found all around Hong Kong, this is the first occurrence of a verified human illness in the area.
The B virus is also known as the herpes simiae virus. It produces flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue, muscle ache and headache.United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
The transmission of the B virus occurs primarily through contact with infected macaques' saliva, urine, or stool. Individuals at higher risk include laboratory workers, veterinary surgeons, and those exposed to macaque specimens. It's crucial to wash wounds thoroughly with soap and water and seek medical assistance immediately in case of exposure to the virus.
To reduce the danger of infection, authorities advise avoiding feeding or handling wild monkeys. Apart from that, people should refrain from making direct eye contact and from carrying plastic bags in locations where macaques congregate. Wildlife preservation rules provide sanctions for the illegal feeding of wild animals, including monkeys.
Despite a relatively high mortality rate, antiviral drugs are available as preventive care and treatment for those exposed to or infected with the B virus.The Pennsylvania Department of Health website
B virus, also referred to as herpesvirus simiae or herpes B virus, is a rare but dangerous infection mainly seen in macaque monkeys. If neglected, it can result in death or significant brain damage. Although macaques usually show no symptoms, the virus can be found in their physiological fluids, such as urine, stool, and saliva. Human infections are uncommon and typically result from contact with contaminated body fluids from infected monkeys, scratches, or bites.
People injured by monkeys should rinse the wound with water and soap within five minutes – the time the virus needed to enter a person’s cells as shown by past studies.Dr. Ho Pak-Leung, Clinical Associate Professor at the University of Hong Kong’s Department of Microbiology
The initial signs of a B virus infection are similar to those of the flu and can include:
Fever and chills
Muscle ache
Fatigue
Headache
Shortness of breath
Nausea and vomiting
Abdominal pain
Hiccups
Other signs include shortness of breath, nausea, and vomiting.
As the infection worsens, neurological symptoms may result from inflammation of the brain and spinal cord.
Testing samples, such as saliva or material from blisters, for the presence of the virus is usually part of the diagnosis process.
Diagnosis of B virus infection can be confirmed through laboratory testing of bodily fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests.
Treatment for the B virus involves antiviral medications, which can help fight the infection and reduce its severity. In some cases, antiretroviral therapy (ART) may also be used. However, the effectiveness of treatment depends on various factors, including the timing of medical intervention and the extent of the infection.
To prevent B virus infection, it's essential to avoid contact with wild monkeys and refrain from feeding or touching them. Whenever a monkey bites or scratches someone, clean the wound with soap and water right away and get medical help immediately. Additionally, wearing protective gear, such as gloves and face shields, can reduce the risk of exposure for individuals working closely with monkeys in laboratories or veterinary settings.
Health officials emphasize the significance of preventive measures as well as immediate treatment for any exposures, as Hong Kong deals with its first human case of the B virus. Antiviral drugs are available for treatment. However, whether or not to use them depends on some criteria, such as the individual's health status and the degree of exposure.
(Input from various resources)
(Rehash/Susmita Bhandary/MSM)