A new study found that an alternative model to identify patients with lung cancer eligible for screening was more accurate than the currently used method based on the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) criteria. The results are published by Wiley online in CANCER, a peer-reviewed journal of the American Cancer Society.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths, and using low-dose computed tomography scans to screen people who are at elevated risk for lung cancer reduces lung cancer deaths. The USPSTF criteria use age and smoking history to determine eligibility for lung cancer screening: individuals aged 50–80 years who currently smoke or used to smoke and quit 15 years ago or less with 20 pack years of smoking history (such as 1 pack a day for 20 years or 2 packs a day for 10 years) are eligible. A more personalized model is the PLCOm2012 lung cancer risk-prediction model based on the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. This model uses additional parameters including personal history of cancer, family history of lung cancer, personal history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, education level, body mass index, and race to predict an individual’s risk of lung cancer. (A modified version that does not include race is called PLCOm2012noRace.)
To compare the USPSTF and PLCOm2012 and PLCOm2012noRace methods, Martin Carl Tammemägi, PhD, of Brock University and his colleagues applied them to 1,565 individuals with lung cancer in South Dakota. The PLCOm2012 models had higher sensitivity and identified more people with lung cancer eligible for screening than USPSTF 2013 and USPSTF 2021 criteria. There did not appear to be an eligibility disparity between individuals who self-reported as Indigenous and those who did not, for both the USPSTF criteria and the PLCOm2012noRace model.
The research also indicated that screening people younger than 50 years of age is not warranted, since there were few people who were diagnosed with lung cancer under that age.
(Newswise/AM)